{"id":12950,"date":"2023-03-22T10:16:09","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T09:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/rosa-luxemburg\/"},"modified":"2023-06-13T11:37:51","modified_gmt":"2023-06-13T09:37:51","slug":"rosa-luxemburg","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/biographies\/rosa-luxemburg\/","title":{"rendered":"Rosa Luxemburg"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12950\" class=\"elementor elementor-12950 elementor-8298\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bd5a51e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bd5a51e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33225e1c\" data-id=\"33225e1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e04b643 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e04b643\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rosa Luxemburg<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e422f25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e422f25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">(born 1871 as Rozalia Luxenburg in Zamo\u015b\u0107, Congress Poland, Russian Poland\/Russian Empire \u2013 murdered 1919 in Berlin)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1295c070 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1295c070\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22fbc350\" data-id=\"22fbc350\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16fdf255 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16fdf255\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Freedom is always the freedom of those who think differently.\" <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71595359 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71595359\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rosa Luxemburg felt at home wherever there <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">were<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> clouds and birds and human tears.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">At the beginning of the 1920s, Rosa Luxemburg, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Polish Jew, became one of the most important representatives of the European workers&#8217; movement\u2014and a hate figure <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> right-wing extremists. To this day, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">she<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">remains<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> an icon <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> left-wing groups, and a role model of democratic socialism in all parts of the world. Luxemburg <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">sought<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to free the proletariat and all oppressed minorities from the yoke of an exploitative social order, capitalism. Emancipation, she was convinced, could only <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">come to pass<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> through a radical overthrow of the system, and not through mere reforms. She broke with social democracy, which had played an important role for her in her youth.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Despite her revolutionary <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">stance<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and radical street-level involvement, Luxemburg was never dogmatic. As a thinker, she remained dynamic and also criticised the ideological hardening and political aberrations <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">pursued<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> in the name of Marxism.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On 15 January 1919, Rosa Luxemburg was murdered together with her comrade Karl Liebknecht in Berlin by members of a <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Freikorps<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (volunteer military unit)\u2014shortly after co-founding the Communist Party of Germany.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1472fa61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1472fa61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>* <span class=\"TextRun SCXW15277472 BCX0\" lang=\"DE-DE\" xml:lang=\"DE-DE\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW15277472 BCX0\">Rosa Luxemburg: Zur russischen Revolution, in: Gesammelte Werke, Bd. 4, Berlin 1970<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f423ab7\" data-id=\"1f423ab7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26361ab1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"26361ab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"755\" src=\"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Rosa-Luxemburg.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8300\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Rosa-Luxemburg.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Rosa-Luxemburg-199x300.jpg 199w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Credits: Autor\/-in unbekannt, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rosa Luxemburg (born 1871 as Rozalia Luxenburg in Zamo\u015b\u0107, Congress Poland, Russian Poland\/Russian Empire \u2013 murdered 1919 in Berlin) &#8220;Freedom is always the freedom of those who think differently.&#8221; Rosa Luxemburg felt at home wherever there were clouds and birds and human tears.\u00a0 At the beginning of the 1920s, Rosa Luxemburg, a Polish Jew, became [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":13018,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12950","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12950"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13048,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12950\/revisions\/13048"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}