{"id":21646,"date":"2023-03-22T10:26:07","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T09:26:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/rudolf-manga-bell\/"},"modified":"2024-05-15T13:13:48","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T11:13:48","slug":"rudolf-manga-bell","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/rudolf-manga-bell\/","title":{"rendered":"Rudolf Manga Bell"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"21646\" class=\"elementor elementor-21646 elementor-8305\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-536a23dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"536a23dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-848ee9e\" data-id=\"848ee9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58ef3baf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58ef3baf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rudolf Duala Manga Bell<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14a8f7ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"14a8f7ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">(do\u011fum: 1873, Duala B\u00f6lgesi \u2013 1914, Duala\u2019da idam edildi)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-48594744 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48594744\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17da79b9\" data-id=\"17da79b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ebbb821 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ebbb821\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201cMasum bir kan\u0131 as\u0131yorsunuz. Bo\u015funa \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorsunuz beni. Lanet olsun Almanlara. Tanr\u0131m, yalvar\u0131yorum sana; son dile\u011fimi duy, bu topraklara Almanlar bir daha ayak basmas\u0131n.\u201d <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-695b17c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"695b17c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rudolf Duala Manga Bell, Alman koloni y\u00f6netiminde halk\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddeti a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ele\u015ftirdi \u2013 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda idam edildi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manga Bell, Duala halk\u0131n\u0131n Bonanjo ailesinden gelen kral\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fckbabas\u0131 Kral Bell, 1884\u2019te Alman kolonisinin Kamerun\u2019da kurulu\u015fu s\u00fcrecinde s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona koruma anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Manga Bell, Kamerun\u2019da Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin okuluna gitti ve birka\u00e7 y\u0131l Almanya&#8217;da \u201cevlatl\u0131k o\u011ful\u201d ve yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci olarak ya\u015fad\u0131. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra s\u00f6m\u00fcrge politikas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyacak \u201cba\u015f \u015fef\u201d olarak arabuluculuk rol\u00fc \u00fcstlendi.<\/p>\n<p>Almanlar\u0131n vah\u015fetlerine tan\u0131k oldu\u011funda ve Alman politikas\u0131n\u0131n, halk\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ellerinden almay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Manga Bell kar\u015f\u0131 koymaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1905\u2019te, imparatorluk koloni dairesine halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k bir mektup yazd\u0131. \u0130\u015fledikleri hak ihlalleri ve onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 muamelelerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilek\u00e7esini Almanlar \u201ck\u00fcstahl\u0131k\u201d olarak reddetti. Bas\u0131n\u0131n Alman kamuoyunu kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla onlar\u0131n deste\u011fini alma umutlar\u0131 da suya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ba\u015flarda Alman koloni y\u00f6netimiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmaya istekli olan Manga Bell e\u015fit vatanda\u015f olarak da kabul edilmek istiyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Alman koloni g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve insan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyici politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 nihayetinde hayat\u0131na mal oldu. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce as\u0131larak idam edildi. Almanya&#8217;da hen\u00fcz y\u00fczle\u015filmeyen bu yarg\u0131 cinayetinin izlerine, Kamerun\u2019un haf\u0131zas\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66f6b248 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66f6b248\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cDouala Manga Bell Alman Koloni G\u00fcc\u00fcne \u0130nanc\u0131n\u0131 Nas\u0131l Kaybetti\u201d, Radyo program\u0131, Deutsche Welle, 29.11.2014.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52fbc0bf\" data-id=\"52fbc0bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4470df3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4470df3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"855\" src=\"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Rudolf-Manga-Bell.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16194\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Rudolf-Manga-Bell.jpg 538w, https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Rudolf-Manga-Bell-189x300.jpg 189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Credits: Jean-Pierre F\u00e9lix-Eyoum, Dorfen<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rudolf Duala Manga Bell (do\u011fum: 1873, Duala B\u00f6lgesi \u2013 1914, Duala\u2019da idam edildi) \u201cMasum bir kan\u0131 as\u0131yorsunuz. Bo\u015funa \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorsunuz beni. Lanet olsun Almanlara. Tanr\u0131m, yalvar\u0131yorum sana; son dile\u011fimi duy, bu topraklara Almanlar bir daha ayak basmas\u0131n.\u201d Rudolf Duala Manga Bell, Alman koloni y\u00f6netiminde halk\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddeti a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ele\u015ftirdi \u2013 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda idam edildi. &nbsp; Manga [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21646","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21646"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21647,"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21646\/revisions\/21647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toleranzraeume.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}